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jueves, 21 de marzo de 2013
Tomorrowland 2012 | official aftermovie
miércoles, 20 de marzo de 2013
Don't Sell Grandma's Jewelry at a Yard Sale...What's It Worth?
IDENTIFICATION
Before you can find out what a piece of jewelry is worth, you need to find out what it is. This can be as simple as turning it over and finding a maker's mark or complicated as in "hours of research". First thing first: Examine your jewelry for a maker's mark. Look on the back or on the clasp. Thoroughly examine every inch of the piece. If you see a maker's mark, start your research! Not finding a maker's mark doesn't mean it's not valuable, on the contrary; many fine pieces of jewelry were never marked. It does mean you will need to put in a little more effort in research.
If you received your jewelry from a family member, ask them about it's history. Did your grandfather give it to your grandmother right before he went off to war? Was it handed down from her mother? Answers to these questions will give you a general idea of how old it is.
Look at the style of the piece. Although many styles come back into fashion after a time, it is still possible to ID an older piece by the style and material.
Does it appear to have gemstones? Determine it they are real gemstones. You will need some sort of strong magnifying glass or ideally, a jeweler's loupe. A loupe is a small magnifying glass in various degrees of magnification. A 10X loupe should be all you need and they are relatively inexpensive. Craft and hobby stores usually sell them. Go to a well lighted place and look at the stone through the loupe. Do you see tiny bubbles in the stone? Tiny air bubbles mean it is made from glass or plastic. It's not a real gemstone. Is it open backed? Can you see the back of the stone when you turn the piece over? Does the back of the stone look shiny as in gold or silver colored foil? These are foil back rhinestones and not real gems. Foil was often added to reflect the light and create a better sparkle. Most real gems contain some type of natural inclusion. Unless you are familiar with gems and diamonds, your best bet is to take it to a jeweler or appraiser if you think it is real.
Look at the construction of the piece. This can be extremely helpful in dating a piece! Look at the clasp or pin. Are the stones individually riveted on? Is the clasp rather ornate? Does it have a layered look? What type of style is it? Does it remind you of old black and white movies? Perhaps Bette Davis or Katherine Hepburn? Does it look Victorian?
By now, you should have a general idea of age and you are ready to start your research in earnest!
RESEARCH
Head for your local library or heat up an Internet search engine! I can spend hours in my local library poring over books and books and more books. There are plenty of good jewelry reference books. Stop by your library or bookstore and check them out before buying. No sense in buying a book you will hardly use! If you choose the library, bring your jewelry with you. You can also make copies of any pages you wish to take or check out the book and bring it home. As with other research, libraries are extremely helpful. Searching on the Internet is also a quick and easy way to get fast information. Some search terms to try are:
maker's mark
vintage jewelry
the name of the maker's mark you found on your piece
the decade i.e. "1930's jewelry"
antique jewelry
collectible costume jewelry
This will give you hours of research and hundreds of pages to sort. Look at anything relevant, look for similar pieces or styles. Visit online vintage jewelry shops. Look for forums where you may be able to post a picture and ask for identification help.
If you love to research like I do, this is right up your alley! It can take hours, days sometimes weeks to find out about a certain piece. As you go, you will gain more knowledge about old jewelry and hopefully you will be as enchanted as many other collectors and dealers. It's a fascinating world of "junky jewelry"!
We are always here to help you with your pieces, so feel free to send us an email if you have questions.
You can find additional info at the following links:
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To Buy Pain Meds Online, a Dangerous Move
There are a lot of people that are in pain out there today. If you are one of them, you may try to buy pain meds online. This can be for many reasons. Perhaps your doctor won't write you a prescription for your pain meds. Perhaps you can't afford to go see the doctor and get a prescription. Or maybe you are just addicted to pain meds (hopefully not) and your doctor won't give you a prescription. Whatever the reasons are, if you are going to buy pain meds online, you better be careful.
Many people want to buy pain meds online simply because it is cheaper for them. Recently, thousands of online pharmacies have popped up offering for people to buy pain meds online without a prescription. They offer to sell the medication at cost, or at wholesale prices. This sounds all and good at first, but is it really safe to buy pain meds online?
The answer is more than likely "no." This is especially true if you weren't required to provide a prescription to buy pain meds online. The safety of this purchase is not easy to determine. First off, when you buy pain meds online, how can you be sure that the drug you get it the exact one you asked for, or even if it is the correct potency? The risk for an overdose can be very high. Also these online pharmacies will let anyone buy pain meds online. They do not ask for a prescription or your medical history. They could sell it to a child, a teenager, or a person with a drug addiction. All of this will end in bad results. The FDA also states that it is illegal to purchase or distribute any form of prescription medication without having a prescription or being licensed to do so. So in essence, you are doing something illegal.
There are a few safe places to buy pain meds online. These are the online pharmacies that require a prescription and your medical and allergy history. These websites should have a verifiable street address and a toll free number with live operator assistance. They should also be a licensed pharmacy and have a way for you to check and verify their license. If the online pharmacy is lacking in any of these fields, then you should never purchase from them.
You should never buy pain meds online without a prescription. It has been proven dangerous for many reasons. The safest route is to go to your doctor and get a prescription first. If you can't do that, then purchase an over the counter pain medication. Your life and safety is much too important to risk anything else.
You can find additional info at the following links:
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martes, 19 de marzo de 2013
Warm Bodies Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Zombie Movie HD
Warm Bodies Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Zombie Movie HD
domingo, 17 de marzo de 2013
Amityville Horror 2 The Possession (Full Movie)
Amityville Horror 2 The Possession (Full Movie)
viernes, 15 de marzo de 2013
The Defender (1994) Jet Li
Let's Go to the Movies - The Sweet Spot
miércoles, 13 de marzo de 2013
IMDB Top 250 in 2 1/2 Minutes
IMDB Top 250 in 2 1/2 Minutes
martes, 12 de marzo de 2013
The Top 50 Inspirational Movies
In this article is my list of inspirational movies. I have cried and laughed and been uplifted by these wonderful movies. I hope you find some of the inspiration I have found.
1. PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS- A rages to riches story about a man who goes for his dreams and wont let his circumstances get in the way
2. Remember The Titans- In the 1970S a black and white high school are closed down and blacks and whites are mixed together. Through all the racial tension a black coach is chosen to head the newly segregated football team
3. FOREST GUMP- The story of a man with a low IQ who rose above his challenges, and proved that determination, courage, and love are more important than intellectual ability
4. THE COLOR PURPLE-Its based on the life and trials and tribulations of an African American woman in the early 1900's
5. RUDY: About a huge football fan who always wanted to play for the Notre Dame Football team. He is told he is too small for the game but he perseveres on
6. ALI-Based on the true story of great boxing champion Muhammad Ali
7. LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL-It's the story of a funny and carefree Jewish man who uses his comic talent to protect his son from the realities of Nazi occupation
8. BRAVEHEART-Story of William Wallace a peasant who unites the 13th Century Scottish in their battle to overthrow the English rule.
9. ERIN BROKONVICH- About an unemployed single mother who becomes a legal assistant and almost on her own brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply.
10. THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION- Two men in prison bond over a number of years, they find eventual redemption through acts of decency.
11. REDEMPTION: The Stan Tookie Williams Story-Based on the true story of the co founder of a street gang the crepes. On death row he is able to find redemption
12. THE HURRICANE- The story of a talented boxer who is wrongly convicted of murder and his fight for his innocence
13. Billy Elliot- A young boy decides to become a ballet dancer and he gets some resistance from his family. He faces many trials as well triumphs as he perseveres to change his family's narrow minded set ways, inner conflict, and standing on his own feet
14. A BEAUTIFUL MIND-A bio of the rise of John Forbes Nash Jr., a math genius able to solve problems that baffled the greatest of minds. And how he was able to overcame years of suffering from schizophrenia to win the Nobel Prize in 1994
15. GANDHI-True story about Mohandas Gandhi a prominent Indian leader
16. Chariots Of Fire-About athletes who compete in the Summer Olympics about their perseverance and triumph.
17. PHILADELPHIA- Is a movie dealing with HIV/AIDS and homosexuality and it highlights the homophobic and stigma of the two
18. FRIED GREEN TOMATOES- Its a recollection movie where an older lady recalls the story of two women their trials and tribulations and lifelong friendship
19. RAIN MAN- About a selfish man who finds out his father left his millions of dollars to an older brother he didn't even know existed
20. THE NOTEBOOK- A beautiful love story which lasts decades
21. TITANIC- Is a movie set on the ill fated Titanic ship and its about a love story that develops on the ship
22. SEA BISCUIT- True story of the undersized Depression-era racehorse whose victories lifted not only the spirits of the team behind it but also those of their nation
23. RAY-True life story of Ray Charles and his amazing story of overcoming the impossible
24. PAY IT FORWARD- About the miraculous story of how a young boy changes the lives of many people through the simple act of good deeds
25. THE BUCKET LIST- About two old timers who decide to do all the things they have always wanted to do before they die of their terminal illnesses
26. MILK- About the life of Harvey Milk the first openly gay man elected to public office in America in the 70s. It is about his impact on the gay rights movement. One of the best movies I have ever seen.
27. Coach Carter- A basketball coach at a high school works hard to change the bad attitudes of his students.
28. RADIO- About a shy mentally challenged man who inspires a community
29. FREEDOM WRITERS- About a teacher who teachers rough inner city kids who fights to make a difference in the students lives and set them on a better path
30. NORMA REA- About a mill worker in a southern textile company who stands up for the better working conditions of her workers and herself.
31. THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK- Based on the life of Anne Frank who hides from the NAZI during the invasion
32. GLORY : The story of the first company of black soldiers in the American civil war
33. LIFE SUPPORT- the story of a mother with AIDS who overcomes crack addiction becomes an AIDS activist in her community
34. BABE- A pig which is raised by sheep dogs learns how to herd sheep
35. WHATS LOVE GOT TO DO WITH IT- The amazing life story of the great entertainer Tina Turner and the amazing obstacles that she overcame
36. HOTEL RWANDA- The true life story of a man who sheltered thousands of Rwandans during the Rwandan genocide from danger and death
37. G1 JANE- Is about the first woman in allowed in the navy seals and huge obstacles in her way
38. TO KILL A MOCKING BIRD- Based in racially torn 1939 Alabama and its about the hearing of a black man accused of raping a white woman
39. GLORY ROAD- Is based on the true story of the first all black basketball line-up for the 1966 NCAA national basketball championship title
40. SARAFINA- About the Soweto youth riots against apartheid in South Africa
41. AMISTAD- Is about an 1839 mutiny of slaves on a slave ship
42. SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE- The story of a slum kid who grows up and plays the Indian version of Who wants to be a millionaire
43. AMERICAN HISTORY X- A reformed Neo-Nazi comes out of prison and tries to stop his younger brother going the same path he did
44. THE PIANIST- A pianist tries to survive the Nazi invasion
45. SCHINDLERS LIST- Based on the true story of the business man Oscar Schindler who saves thousands of Jews from the Nazi machine during world war 2
46. BOYS DON'T CRY- A story about the courage to be who you truly are in the midst of horrible opposition
47. CHOCOLAT- About a mother and daughter who move into a conservative narrow minded French town in 1960 and shake things up
48. MALCOLM X- The true life story of Malcolm X an influential black human rights activist
49. OLIVER TWIST- Based on Charles Dickens movie about a young orphan boy and the troubles he finds as he tries to survive in a harsh world
50. THE JESSE OWENS STORY- The true story about Jesse Owens the African American athlete who proved Hitler wrong about the Aryan physical superiority
I love these movies. If you have not seen some of them check them out you have nothing to lose. To your life!
------
Wadzanai Nenzou Loooooves Movies. They Make Her Laugh , Cry, Shout. They Make The World Turn For Her. She Had An Inspirational Website Check It Out At
http://www.inspirational-quotes-change-lives.com
1. PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS- A rages to riches story about a man who goes for his dreams and wont let his circumstances get in the way
2. Remember The Titans- In the 1970S a black and white high school are closed down and blacks and whites are mixed together. Through all the racial tension a black coach is chosen to head the newly segregated football team
3. FOREST GUMP- The story of a man with a low IQ who rose above his challenges, and proved that determination, courage, and love are more important than intellectual ability
4. THE COLOR PURPLE-Its based on the life and trials and tribulations of an African American woman in the early 1900's
5. RUDY: About a huge football fan who always wanted to play for the Notre Dame Football team. He is told he is too small for the game but he perseveres on
6. ALI-Based on the true story of great boxing champion Muhammad Ali
7. LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL-It's the story of a funny and carefree Jewish man who uses his comic talent to protect his son from the realities of Nazi occupation
8. BRAVEHEART-Story of William Wallace a peasant who unites the 13th Century Scottish in their battle to overthrow the English rule.
9. ERIN BROKONVICH- About an unemployed single mother who becomes a legal assistant and almost on her own brings down a California power company accused of polluting a city's water supply.
10. THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION- Two men in prison bond over a number of years, they find eventual redemption through acts of decency.
11. REDEMPTION: The Stan Tookie Williams Story-Based on the true story of the co founder of a street gang the crepes. On death row he is able to find redemption
12. THE HURRICANE- The story of a talented boxer who is wrongly convicted of murder and his fight for his innocence
13. Billy Elliot- A young boy decides to become a ballet dancer and he gets some resistance from his family. He faces many trials as well triumphs as he perseveres to change his family's narrow minded set ways, inner conflict, and standing on his own feet
14. A BEAUTIFUL MIND-A bio of the rise of John Forbes Nash Jr., a math genius able to solve problems that baffled the greatest of minds. And how he was able to overcame years of suffering from schizophrenia to win the Nobel Prize in 1994
15. GANDHI-True story about Mohandas Gandhi a prominent Indian leader
16. Chariots Of Fire-About athletes who compete in the Summer Olympics about their perseverance and triumph.
17. PHILADELPHIA- Is a movie dealing with HIV/AIDS and homosexuality and it highlights the homophobic and stigma of the two
18. FRIED GREEN TOMATOES- Its a recollection movie where an older lady recalls the story of two women their trials and tribulations and lifelong friendship
19. RAIN MAN- About a selfish man who finds out his father left his millions of dollars to an older brother he didn't even know existed
20. THE NOTEBOOK- A beautiful love story which lasts decades
21. TITANIC- Is a movie set on the ill fated Titanic ship and its about a love story that develops on the ship
22. SEA BISCUIT- True story of the undersized Depression-era racehorse whose victories lifted not only the spirits of the team behind it but also those of their nation
23. RAY-True life story of Ray Charles and his amazing story of overcoming the impossible
24. PAY IT FORWARD- About the miraculous story of how a young boy changes the lives of many people through the simple act of good deeds
25. THE BUCKET LIST- About two old timers who decide to do all the things they have always wanted to do before they die of their terminal illnesses
26. MILK- About the life of Harvey Milk the first openly gay man elected to public office in America in the 70s. It is about his impact on the gay rights movement. One of the best movies I have ever seen.
27. Coach Carter- A basketball coach at a high school works hard to change the bad attitudes of his students.
28. RADIO- About a shy mentally challenged man who inspires a community
29. FREEDOM WRITERS- About a teacher who teachers rough inner city kids who fights to make a difference in the students lives and set them on a better path
30. NORMA REA- About a mill worker in a southern textile company who stands up for the better working conditions of her workers and herself.
31. THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK- Based on the life of Anne Frank who hides from the NAZI during the invasion
32. GLORY : The story of the first company of black soldiers in the American civil war
33. LIFE SUPPORT- the story of a mother with AIDS who overcomes crack addiction becomes an AIDS activist in her community
34. BABE- A pig which is raised by sheep dogs learns how to herd sheep
35. WHATS LOVE GOT TO DO WITH IT- The amazing life story of the great entertainer Tina Turner and the amazing obstacles that she overcame
36. HOTEL RWANDA- The true life story of a man who sheltered thousands of Rwandans during the Rwandan genocide from danger and death
37. G1 JANE- Is about the first woman in allowed in the navy seals and huge obstacles in her way
38. TO KILL A MOCKING BIRD- Based in racially torn 1939 Alabama and its about the hearing of a black man accused of raping a white woman
39. GLORY ROAD- Is based on the true story of the first all black basketball line-up for the 1966 NCAA national basketball championship title
40. SARAFINA- About the Soweto youth riots against apartheid in South Africa
41. AMISTAD- Is about an 1839 mutiny of slaves on a slave ship
42. SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE- The story of a slum kid who grows up and plays the Indian version of Who wants to be a millionaire
43. AMERICAN HISTORY X- A reformed Neo-Nazi comes out of prison and tries to stop his younger brother going the same path he did
44. THE PIANIST- A pianist tries to survive the Nazi invasion
45. SCHINDLERS LIST- Based on the true story of the business man Oscar Schindler who saves thousands of Jews from the Nazi machine during world war 2
46. BOYS DON'T CRY- A story about the courage to be who you truly are in the midst of horrible opposition
47. CHOCOLAT- About a mother and daughter who move into a conservative narrow minded French town in 1960 and shake things up
48. MALCOLM X- The true life story of Malcolm X an influential black human rights activist
49. OLIVER TWIST- Based on Charles Dickens movie about a young orphan boy and the troubles he finds as he tries to survive in a harsh world
50. THE JESSE OWENS STORY- The true story about Jesse Owens the African American athlete who proved Hitler wrong about the Aryan physical superiority
I love these movies. If you have not seen some of them check them out you have nothing to lose. To your life!
------
Wadzanai Nenzou Loooooves Movies. They Make Her Laugh , Cry, Shout. They Make The World Turn For Her. She Had An Inspirational Website Check It Out At
http://www.inspirational-quotes-change-lives.com
Romantic Movies
Nothing beats a romantic night at home, snuggled up on a coach watching a romantic movie. Stop at your local video store and find a movie sure to capture the heart of your mate. Here are some of the best all time romantic movies.
Ten Things I Hate About You
A teenage romantic comedy, 10 Things I Hate About You is a modern day Taming of the Shrew. Set in a modern high school setting. Bianca Stratford is forbidden to date until her older sister, Katarina begins dating. Unfortunately for Bianca, Katarina has no interest in dating, until she finds a not so perfect guy.
Sweet Home Alabama
Beautiful, ambitious Melanie flees rural Alabama and her highschool sweetheart in favor of Manhattan's glamorous fashion and social circles. When her Park Avenue boyfriend proposes, it's time to head South and finalize her divorce. Melanie learns that somethings can not be left behind.
How to Lose A Guy in 10 Days
To help land a big ad account, philandering Ben, makes a wager with his co-worker that he can mend his womanizing ways and date a woman for more than 10 days. Ben bets on the wrong girl. Andie is running her own scam and writing an article on how to dump a guy in 10 days and determined that Ben dump her.
When Harry Met Sally
Can men and women remain friends without the sex part getting in the way? Womanizing, neurotic Harry and ambitious, equally neurotic Sally are friends who resist sexual attraction to maintain their friendship. As the two draw closer, they ask if they can they stay just pals, or will sex get in the way?
Sabrina Industrious tycoon Linus Larrabee has no room for love in his appointment book. Sabrina Fairchild the chauffeur's daughter has spent her whole life worshipping the wealthy Larrabee family from afar. Heartbroken to learn that David doesn't share her feelings, she spends a year in Paris, then returns home more confident and poised. But when a burgeoning romance between his libertine brother David and Sabrina, jeopardizes Linus' pending business merger, the workaholic CEO clears his calendar to derail the relationship.
Some Kind of Wonderful
Watts is a young tomboy who has a crush on her best friend, Keith. but her feelings go unrequited as he falls for Amanda, a rich girl with snobby friends. Unfortunately for Keith, Amanda's wealthy ex-boyfriend wants her back and is willing to do anything to get her. This coming of age movie reminds viewers what really matters.
Pretty Woman
Looking for directions to his Beverly Hills hotel, millionaire corporate raider Edward Lewis crosses paths with Hollywood hooker Vivian Ward and hires her as his "date" for a week. Vivian gets swept into a fantasy realm of room service and boutique shopping on Rodeo Drive, and what starts as a business contract turns into much more. Can the poor prostitute and rich industrialist live happily ever after?
Cutting Edge
Spoiled but accomplished figure skater Kate Moseley is on her way to the Olympics, and so is egotistical hockey player Doug Dorsey. When an eye injury puts Doug out of hockey, he reluctantly agrees to try figure skating as Kate's partner. The duo gets off to a rough start but learns to perform as a team, and they soon become a force to be reckoned with.
Jerry Maguire
In one of the best date-night movies of all time, a sports agent grows a conscience, promptly gets fired and attempts to turn his life around. With one loyal football client. A starry-eyed co-worker and her irresistible son tag along, the sports agent discovers that loving well while playing fair is the best revenge.
The Princess Bride
In this enchantingly cracked fairy tale, the beautiful Princess Buttercup and the dashing Wesley must overcome staggering odds to find happiness. Giants, swordsmen, six-fingered counts, murderous princes, Sicilians, pirates, rodents of unusual size and even death can not stop true love from triumphing.
Sleepless in Seatle
Soul mates who come perilously close to never meeting. Although separated by thousands of miles, rueful widower Sam Baldwin and soon-to-be married Annie Reed connect through a radio call-in show encounter engineered by Sam's son, Jonah.
Dirty Dancing
Expecting the usual ennui that accompanies a summer in the Catskills with her family, 17-year-old Baby Houseman instead finds herself in love. The object of her affection, is none other than the resort's free-spirited dance instructor, Johnny Castle. But Baby's disapproving dad soon steps in to keep Johnny from putting the moves on his artless daughter.
Clueless
Bored with high school boys, best friends Cher and Dionne instead set their sights on college men. But the meddlesome Cher gets more than she bargained for when she gives a fashion-challenged student a makeover in hopes that her new friend will find love and happiness.
She is All That
Laney Boggs, a geeky highschool student, becomes a challenge, when she spills her books in front of class superstar Zach Siler. Zach's buddies bet that he can not turn Laney from an ugly duckling into a prom queen. With help from his sister, Zach gives Laney a makeover that turns heads and makes him think twice.
Copyright 2006 Francesca Black
You can find additional info at the following links:
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Moving Average Convergence Divergence ( MACD ) Charts
The Moving Average Convergence Divergence charts, or MACD charts for short, are a technical indicator that is derived from the more simple moving average.
The MACD charts are oscillating indicators, meaning that they move above and below a centerline or zero point. As with other oscillating and momentum indicators, a very high value indicates that the stock is overbought and will likely drop soon. Conversely, a consistently low value indicates that the stock is oversold and is likely to climb.
THE 12-DAY AND 26-DAY EMAS
The MACD charts are based on 3 exponential moving averages, or EMA. These averages can be of any period, though the most common combination, and the one we will focus on, are the 12-26-9 MACD charts.
There are 2 parts to the MACD. We will focus first on the first part, which is based on the stock's 12-Day and 26-Day EMA. The 12-Day EMA is the faster EMA while the 26-Day is slower.
The logic behind using a faster and slower EMA is that this can be used to gauge momentum. When the faster (in this case 12-Day) EMA is above the slower 26-Day EMA, the stock is in an uptrend, and vice versa. If the 12-Day EMA is increasing much faster than the 26-Day EMA, the uptrend is becoming stronger and more pronounced. Conversely, when the 12-Day EMA starts slowing down, and the 26-Day begins to near it, the stock movement's momentum is beginning to fade, indicating the end of the uptrend.
THE MACD LINE
The MACD charts use these 2 EMA by taking the difference between them and plotting a new line. Very often, this new line is depicted as a thick black line in the middle chart.
When the 12-Day and 26-Day EMA are at the same value, the MACD line is at zero. When the 12-Day EMA is higher than the 26-Day EMA, the MACD line will be in positive territory. The further the 12-Day EMA is from the 26-Day EMA, the further the MACD line is from its centerline or zero value.
THE 9-DAY EMA
This line on its own doesn't tell much more than a moving average. It becomes more useful when we take into account its 9-Day EMA. This is the third value when we talk of 12-26-9 MACD charts. Note that the 9-Day EMA is an EMA of the MACD line, not of the stock price. This EMA (the thin blue line alongside the MACD line) acts like a normal EMA and smoothes the MACD line.
The 9-Day EMA acts as a signal line or trigger line for the MACD. When the MACD line crosses above the 9-Day EMA from below, it indicates that the downtrend is over and a new uptrend is forming. Time to consider bullish strategies. Conversely, when the MACD line drops below its 9-Day EMA, a new downtrend is forming and its time to implement bearish strategies.
THE MACD HISTOGRAM
So far, we have covered the most simple form of interpreting the MACD charts. We now look at the MACD histogram. Just as the MACD line is the difference between the 12-Day and 26-Day EMA, the MACD histogram is basically the difference between the MACD line and its 9-Day EMA.
So when the MACD line crosses above its 9-Day EMA, the MACD histogram will cross above zero. In order words, a bullish signal is obtained when the MACD histogram crosses above zero, and a bearish signal is obtained when it crosses below zero.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DIVERGENCE
The MACD histogram forms valleys and peaks. Sometimes, multiple peaks are formed, with each subsequent peak becoming lower and lower. These progressively lower peaks constitue what is known as a negative divergence. A negative divergence on the MACD histogram is an indication that the current uptrend might reverse in the near future. This could happen even though the actual stock price seems to be making higher peaks in the chart. Basically, the MACD histogram negative divergence is a warning that the stock might turn down soon.
Similarly, the positive divergence on the MACD histogram predicts the subsequent uptrend. However, sometimes these divergences can create false alarms. If we follow these signals, we could have bought into a downtrend.
As such, I would like to remind you that individual indicators such as the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) charts should not be used on their own, but rather with one or two additional indicators of different types, in order to confirm any signals and prevent false alarms.
If you would like to know more about the MACD with graphical examples, do visit:
http://www.option-trading-guide.com/macd.html
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lunes, 11 de marzo de 2013
You are My Pet - Romantic Comedy Korean 2011 Full Movie with english vietnamese subtitles
domingo, 10 de marzo de 2013
How to play blu ray ISO image file
How to back up blu-ray disc to ISO image file. ISO is a basically file that is an exact image of a disk whether it be DVD, Blu Ray, HD-DVD. If you have a media PC (HTPC) it is an ideal way to have your movie collection, as it not only enables you to watch blu-ray movies on HDTV without quality loss, but also allows you to burn a blu-ray disc copy easily. However, beginners can hardly find detailed and useful guide for playing blu-ray ISO image files on HTPC. This guide is written for the purpose of helping newbies out.
What you need to play blu-ray ISO image files smoothly on HTPC?
Powerful enough Media PC hooked up with HDTV
Virtual Drive setup
Media Player software like PowerDVD or WinDVD
Step-by-step guide: How to playback of blu-ray ISO image files
Step 1: Run free virtual drive DAEMON Tools Lite on PC.
Step 2: Add blu-ray ISO image.
Step 3: Mount blu-ray ISO image to virtual drive.
Right click on the file name and select "Mount" -> "Device 0".
Step 4: Find blu-ray ISO image file in virtual drive.
After the blu-ray ISO image file is mounted into virtual drive please click close. Now the ISO image file will show in your BD-Rom Drive.
Step 5. Play the blu-ray ISO image file form virtual drive.
PowerDVD and WinDVD are two highly ranked applications for blu-ray playing back on HTPC. You may use either of them to open the blu-ray ISO image file from virtual drive (Device 0:[G] in the image above) and play it just like common blu-ray disc.
Tip: In case the players can not read blu-ray ISO image files properly
If the players fail to play the blu-ray ISO image properly on HTPC, then you are advised to use some external HD media players like Seagate FreeAgent Theater or Western Digital HD Media Player to read the blu-ray ISO files from the hard drive, or you can use the Pavtube Blu-Ray Ripper to rip the blu-ray ISO image file to 1080p HD MKV, AVI, MP4, WMV etc and use some universal players (e.g. VLC player) to play the ripped blu-ray contents on HTPC.
How to convert blu-ray ISO image file to HD MKV/AVI/MPEG with Pavtube Blu-Ray Ripper
Click Here for more information
What you need to play blu-ray ISO image files smoothly on HTPC?
Powerful enough Media PC hooked up with HDTV
Virtual Drive setup
Media Player software like PowerDVD or WinDVD
Step-by-step guide: How to playback of blu-ray ISO image files
Step 1: Run free virtual drive DAEMON Tools Lite on PC.
Step 2: Add blu-ray ISO image.
Step 3: Mount blu-ray ISO image to virtual drive.
Right click on the file name and select "Mount" -> "Device 0".
Step 4: Find blu-ray ISO image file in virtual drive.
After the blu-ray ISO image file is mounted into virtual drive please click close. Now the ISO image file will show in your BD-Rom Drive.
Step 5. Play the blu-ray ISO image file form virtual drive.
PowerDVD and WinDVD are two highly ranked applications for blu-ray playing back on HTPC. You may use either of them to open the blu-ray ISO image file from virtual drive (Device 0:[G] in the image above) and play it just like common blu-ray disc.
Tip: In case the players can not read blu-ray ISO image files properly
If the players fail to play the blu-ray ISO image properly on HTPC, then you are advised to use some external HD media players like Seagate FreeAgent Theater or Western Digital HD Media Player to read the blu-ray ISO files from the hard drive, or you can use the Pavtube Blu-Ray Ripper to rip the blu-ray ISO image file to 1080p HD MKV, AVI, MP4, WMV etc and use some universal players (e.g. VLC player) to play the ripped blu-ray contents on HTPC.
How to convert blu-ray ISO image file to HD MKV/AVI/MPEG with Pavtube Blu-Ray Ripper
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
The Best Free Psp Games Accessible on the Internet
Finding a trusted Psp Games Download site is not an easy thing to do. The Sony PlayStation Portable is an awesome gaming console ever since it was first released. It is capable of supporting nearly every game that can be played in other gaming platforms like Wii, PC, Xbox, NES and in other gaming consoles as well. Due to its impressive versatility and portability of use, it was an instant in-demand market commodity. This gadget boasts versatility and portability at its best.
The PSP or Sony Playstation Portable is not only for gaming, you can use it for many attributes like playing movies and videos, playing music, saving wall papers and pictures, upgrading with various multimedia software, video recording and much more. It is also emulator capable. What is significant to take note is the fact that whenever games are released in other gaming consoles, it is almost always simultaneously released in PSP version as well.
If you are searching for websites or sources on how to download free games for the PSP, then you will not have to search any further. Instead of getting hooked or interested in websites that merely offer demo versions of the hottest games, go for those service providers that give more. Get full versions instantly and safely. Download safe content, be it games, wallpapers, movies, music, and more. Be aware that some websites are unsafe due to malware, Trojans and spyware! It is always a good measure to ask around and look for sites with good reviews from satisfied customers and gamers.
The hottest releases or most awaited games are expensive. Not everybody can easily manage to pay for every game that comes out. It is only logical that not every gamer can play every game ever created. Or is it possible? Sure it is! With the Internet a lot of things are possible! Why buy expensive games when you can download them instead? There is even better news for you. There is no need to pay for each game download! You can get unlimited downloads by subscribing to a one-time membership fee from chosen legitimate game providers!
Did you hear good news about those websites that offer free unlimited games before? Take note, Full versions of numerous PSP games and not just demo versions! The price for such a coveted membership is less than or equal to the price of just a single original PSP game disc! That is lifetime membership, just in case you’re not sure. That is not all there is to it. Most sites also offer full time technical support and updates on various media content! Where else can a hardcore PSP user find a free-for-all choice when it comes to games on an unlimited basis?
Finding the best sources about how to Download Psp Games is still a challenge by itself. You have to use your best judgment when choosing a trusted site. Look for positive reviews and satisfied customer testimonials. The best ones in cyber space are those that develop a closed user group of PSP users. With the PSP’s multimedia capability, you can download any software, movie, game, or content to your heart’s content. There should also be high speed when it comes to downloading. Start downloading now.
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
sábado, 9 de marzo de 2013
Saans Jab Tak Hai Jaan 1080p HD Full Song 2012
Saans Jab Tak Hai Jaan 1080p HD Full Song 2012
viernes, 8 de marzo de 2013
Download Mega Man Zero Collection Nintendo DSi Game
Mega Man Zero Collection download online? Are you searching for the information about downloading 'Mega Man Zero Collection' Nintendo DS game ? Did you know that it is quite possible to download any NDS game online legally? This article will show you how to download 'Mega Man Zero Collection' DSi game online.
Visit Nintendo DSi Game Download Site for more information about 'Mega Man Zero Collection'
There are a number of websites that claim to provide game download service. Some are free but some are not. A free game download site is usually anonymous, they don't include a website name, contact email and address. These sites are run by scam artist intend to destroy your computer by feeding it with virus and to steal your personal information with spyware. If you are using a free or home edition of anti-virus program, it is probably not able to detect them.
A reliable one is usually not free but provides a valuable service and game download experience. The legitimate game download site has acquired the agreement from gaming companies by paying a licensing fee in order to distribute 'Mega Man Zero Collection' and other Nintendo DS games online via their database.
There is more than 150,000 games, movies, music and TV Shows for download. The site is a membership based program that provides their member with unlimited access of game download for life time.
You can save a lot of money from buying expensive Nintendo DS game cartridge but download them online instead. By download 'Mega Man Zero Collection' game online, you have cut off the middle men expenses and get the game for cheap.
Click Here for more information
Visit Nintendo DSi Game Download Site for more information about 'Mega Man Zero Collection'
There are a number of websites that claim to provide game download service. Some are free but some are not. A free game download site is usually anonymous, they don't include a website name, contact email and address. These sites are run by scam artist intend to destroy your computer by feeding it with virus and to steal your personal information with spyware. If you are using a free or home edition of anti-virus program, it is probably not able to detect them.
A reliable one is usually not free but provides a valuable service and game download experience. The legitimate game download site has acquired the agreement from gaming companies by paying a licensing fee in order to distribute 'Mega Man Zero Collection' and other Nintendo DS games online via their database.
There is more than 150,000 games, movies, music and TV Shows for download. The site is a membership based program that provides their member with unlimited access of game download for life time.
You can save a lot of money from buying expensive Nintendo DS game cartridge but download them online instead. By download 'Mega Man Zero Collection' game online, you have cut off the middle men expenses and get the game for cheap.
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
jueves, 7 de marzo de 2013
miércoles, 6 de marzo de 2013
How Much Is Your Popcorn Worth?: Powerful Lessons In Marketing And The Psychology Of Selling - Part 6
Additional Lessons from Popcorn Marketing
I'm assuming that the movie theatres have tested their price point and figured out what the highest price is that they can charge and get away with - the highest price the market will be willing to pay.
And, that's what they charge for their popcorn.
I believe that's a mistake. Here's a better way of doing it:
Test your price point. Find out what the highest price is that the customer is willing to pay for your product. Then, bring the price down considerably! Offer a 'better' deal than your competitors. Or offer them a lot more value than others, by adding additional bonuses to increase the overall perceived value.
Sure, you can take advantage of your customers by charging as much as you possibly can. But, I wouldn't recommend that strategy. Instead, tell them what others are charging and what a great value you're giving them. Break it down for them and explain the difference. Show them how they're unique and why buying from you is in their best interest.
Remember, you can either corner them into buying from you, or you can just make your offer so much better, and so much more irresistible, that they will want to buy from you!
Moreover, I want the customer to feel good 'after' the purchase as well. I'm not a fan of buyer's remorse, and I assume my customers aren't either.
You ensure that they will continue to feel good about their buying decision after the purchase by delivering on your promise. In fact, you can go a step beyond and 'over-deliver.'
When you do that, you will also:
1) Dramatically decrease your refund rate, and
2) Ensure that the customer will buy from you again, in the future, because his first purchase from you was a positive and rewarding experience.
And, besides, the only reason I'm "in business" is because of the 'customer.' Why would I want to cheat him or trick him? We're in this business because we want to help people and create real value in their lives. Not because we want to suck every penny out of them, right?
Most marketers are bad marketers because they think that marketing is about 'tricking' people into giving them money. That's absolutely not true.
If you do it right, they will want to give you the money, and feel good about it. And, you'll be able to sleep well at night.
Marketing is not a one-shot deal. If you try to trick the customer into giving you as much money as possible just so you can get one sale out of him, you're seriously missing out.
Instead, if you make the first buying experience a pleasant one, the customer will continue to buy from you again and again, and will happily give you more money. So, don't forget about your existing customers after they've made that first sale. That's just the beginning of your mutually-beneficial relationship with him.
Well, there you have it… "popcorn marketing" explained, and then some! :-)
There are many extremely powerful marketing strategies and psychological motivators at work in the above 'movie popcorn' scenario.
Remember, just 'knowing' about these strategies and concepts won't do much to increase your profits. Start applying as many of them to your own business as possible, and I guarantee you'll sell more, and sell more often.
In fact, you'll get much better results than the movie theatres ever will, by always keeping the customer's best interest in mind.
Here's to your dramatic increase in profits!
Sincerely,
Ian Canaway
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
martes, 5 de marzo de 2013
lunes, 4 de marzo de 2013
Die Cast Sports Collectibles - Heavy Metal Fun
For many years, collecting sports items was limited to cards, jerseys, autographs and items that were directly related to the sport. Die cast sports items were available with most relating to auto racing. They were naturally a perfect fit to the die cast market that was mostly automobiles to begin with. Sure, Matchbox, Hot Wheels and Corgi collections were already in full swing with a great selection of product and availability, but die cast collectibles in the other major sports like baseball and football were hard to come by. This was easy to understand because there was no true relation between these sports and motor vehicles, right? Wrong!!!
The beginning of the movement for die cast items from racing into the other major sports began in 1989. The Baltimore Orioles wanted to have a unique promotional giveaway for their fans at one of their games. They contacted and did business with a small company in York, PA that many of us know as White Rose Collectibles. White Rose literally "stepped up to the plate" and delivered an existing Matchbox Model A Ford with the Orioles Logo and year printed on the side to given away to fans. This Oriole item, being so unique, was a big hit with fans of all ages. Die cast had now started to become a sport collectible.
Starting in 1990, White Rose began to produce these collectible Model A Ford trucks for all Major League Baseball and NFL teams. Popularity was still a bit unknown so the production run of approximately 10,000 per team was limited to hobby, toy, card and gift stores and was not available to most of the mass retailers. All of these tucks were officially licensed and were available with the appropriate team colors and logos. The year of the model, 1990 in this case, was also printed on the door panels. Printing the year on the vehicles is what made these trucks a true collector's item.
Each year the color scheme would change a bit to keep the items fresh. Then the vehicles themselves began to change to really enhance the collectibility of the product. Again, all models still had the year printed on them and production still remained limited. Since these were still Matchbox models, these also became a "cross over" collectible to main stream Matchbox collectors. The mid 1990's brought the addition of a few of the most popular NBA teams but, there was still nothing for the hockey collector to this point.
That all changed when White Rose got the license to produce mini Zamboni's, the machine that cleans the ice surface at all ice rinks and a machine that has an unusual popularity with hockey fans in general. All NHL collectors now had their item! Even though it was not an official Matchbox item, the Zamboni WAS directly related to the sport and was a HUGE success with fans. As with past items, the official colors and logos were employed in the design as well as, the year of production.
Die cast now had a much bigger presence in the sports collectible marketplace. As years passed, other models and styles were added to the line that included tractor trailers, tandem trailers and helicopters, to name a few. As popularity increased, so did the attention of the bigger sports companies and White Rose was eventually purchased by Fleer, Inc. Fleer continued to add to the line to also include muscle cars, fighter planes and more classic vehicles. A year or so ago, Fleer was bought out by Upper Deck, Inc. which has continued to enhance the die cast line of products. Even though the companies change, the vehicles and production quality continue to improve. All vehicle designs continue to change from year to year but many still have the year printed on them. They all still have a limited production runs to further protect their collectibility.
Racing fans will always be the biggest die cast sports collector's. For this reason, they also have the widest variety of product that ranges in price from a few dollars to limited production vehicles that cost a few hundred dollars. Also, as in other sports, scale models in all sizes are available to satisfy the needs of all collectors. Manufacturers such as Winner's Circle, Revell, and Action (now Motorsports Authentic) keep collectors of all ages and budgets happy. Race cars are continuously updated to reflect changes in sponsors, drivers, color designs and various promotions, such as movies, that keep the racing die cast collections fresh.
In all, it doesn't matter what sport you enjoy or what driver you follow. Die cast collectibles are a fun and unique way to display your support. Limited production runs, variety of vehicles and ever changing designs help protect the value of your collection and yet offer a choice that keeps every collector happy. I doesn't matter if you are in the winners circle or hoisting a World Series trophy, die cast collectibles are heavy metal fun!!!
http://www.grandstandcollectibles.com
Click Here for more information
The beginning of the movement for die cast items from racing into the other major sports began in 1989. The Baltimore Orioles wanted to have a unique promotional giveaway for their fans at one of their games. They contacted and did business with a small company in York, PA that many of us know as White Rose Collectibles. White Rose literally "stepped up to the plate" and delivered an existing Matchbox Model A Ford with the Orioles Logo and year printed on the side to given away to fans. This Oriole item, being so unique, was a big hit with fans of all ages. Die cast had now started to become a sport collectible.
Starting in 1990, White Rose began to produce these collectible Model A Ford trucks for all Major League Baseball and NFL teams. Popularity was still a bit unknown so the production run of approximately 10,000 per team was limited to hobby, toy, card and gift stores and was not available to most of the mass retailers. All of these tucks were officially licensed and were available with the appropriate team colors and logos. The year of the model, 1990 in this case, was also printed on the door panels. Printing the year on the vehicles is what made these trucks a true collector's item.
Each year the color scheme would change a bit to keep the items fresh. Then the vehicles themselves began to change to really enhance the collectibility of the product. Again, all models still had the year printed on them and production still remained limited. Since these were still Matchbox models, these also became a "cross over" collectible to main stream Matchbox collectors. The mid 1990's brought the addition of a few of the most popular NBA teams but, there was still nothing for the hockey collector to this point.
That all changed when White Rose got the license to produce mini Zamboni's, the machine that cleans the ice surface at all ice rinks and a machine that has an unusual popularity with hockey fans in general. All NHL collectors now had their item! Even though it was not an official Matchbox item, the Zamboni WAS directly related to the sport and was a HUGE success with fans. As with past items, the official colors and logos were employed in the design as well as, the year of production.
Die cast now had a much bigger presence in the sports collectible marketplace. As years passed, other models and styles were added to the line that included tractor trailers, tandem trailers and helicopters, to name a few. As popularity increased, so did the attention of the bigger sports companies and White Rose was eventually purchased by Fleer, Inc. Fleer continued to add to the line to also include muscle cars, fighter planes and more classic vehicles. A year or so ago, Fleer was bought out by Upper Deck, Inc. which has continued to enhance the die cast line of products. Even though the companies change, the vehicles and production quality continue to improve. All vehicle designs continue to change from year to year but many still have the year printed on them. They all still have a limited production runs to further protect their collectibility.
Racing fans will always be the biggest die cast sports collector's. For this reason, they also have the widest variety of product that ranges in price from a few dollars to limited production vehicles that cost a few hundred dollars. Also, as in other sports, scale models in all sizes are available to satisfy the needs of all collectors. Manufacturers such as Winner's Circle, Revell, and Action (now Motorsports Authentic) keep collectors of all ages and budgets happy. Race cars are continuously updated to reflect changes in sponsors, drivers, color designs and various promotions, such as movies, that keep the racing die cast collections fresh.
In all, it doesn't matter what sport you enjoy or what driver you follow. Die cast collectibles are a fun and unique way to display your support. Limited production runs, variety of vehicles and ever changing designs help protect the value of your collection and yet offer a choice that keeps every collector happy. I doesn't matter if you are in the winners circle or hoisting a World Series trophy, die cast collectibles are heavy metal fun!!!
http://www.grandstandcollectibles.com
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
Evaluation of market entry strategy of Amazon.com
Introduction
Amazon.com is a Public Company formed ion the year 1994 by CEO and Chairman Jeff Bezos. It began as an online bookstore but later diversified its products to include computer software, DVDS, VHS, CDS, video games, toys, apparels, food and furniture among others. The Company has been a pioneer in the field of e-commerce and its success was marked last year through its high revenue collection; $ 14.84 billion.
Analysis of the market entry strategy for Amazon.com
Amazon.com is looking towards the introduction of online delivery of books, movies and music. But it has used a toe-in-the-water approach. Here are some of the reasons why the Company could have adopted such a standpoint
Lack of enthusiasm from investors
Although the Company has recorded increased sales, this has not translated into net income. During the year 2005, Amazon.com registered an increase in sales of about twenty six percent yet at the very same time; it recorded a drop in net income of about thirty six percent. In the year 2007, net sales reached an estimated one hundred and forty three billion dollars; however, this was not seen in increase of profits. Part of the reason for this trend could be that any increases in sales generation are only brought about by more spending on the part of the Company. Consequently, the differences recorded as profit margins will be diminished.
The above reason is also topped up by the fact that the Company has to be registered into a new stock index. Last year, the Company entered the S&P 500 index which means that only three stock analysts rate its stocks as a buy 10 and eight consider the stock a hold and a sell respectively. In that same year, the Company went below its target share price; it came down from forty five dollars to thirty six dollars.
Because of all the negativity surrounding new investments and higher spending, perhaps it is best for Amazon.com to take the introduction of new services slowly. If they had begun shipping of digital media via the internet through high gear, they would have had problems with their stock investors and profit margins. Therefore it is best that they use their current approach.
Levies and taxation for digital media downloads
Tax regulators and State legislators have started eyeing digital downloads as potential sources of revenue. Initially, this market had been ignored by state governments in the US because the market was rather small. But now, the industry has recorded entrance of new players.
Studios in Hollywood recently announced that they will enable the sale of whole movies through the internet via downloads. Besides this, internet companies have registered a whooping 1.1 billion dollar revenue in 2005 through the sale of internet downloads. States within the US have realised that there is a resource here that has not been tapped yet. In the year 2007, free music downloads alone, without the inclusion of video games, movies or books, recorded total sales revenue of over five hundred million dollars.
These are some of the reasons why States have decided to wake up. By the year 2007, around fifteen States in the US had started collecting revenue through internet downloads of digital media. States already doing this normally collect revenue on taxation day or during product delivery. These States have either passed new laws concerning taxation of downloads or they have simply decided to interpret previous laws to apply to the scenario.
Some of the States are that have given proposals regarding this issue include Rhode Island, New Jersey and Vermont. Other States that believe online shoppers should be treated the same way as physical ones include; West Virginia, Utah, South Dakota, New Mexico, Maine, Louisiana, Kentucky, Idaho, Hawaii, Colorado, Arizona and Alabama.
These new introductions have caused a lot of uproar from internet stakeholders. Some of them, have argued that taxation of digital downloads is anti-productive and deters fair competition. Legislators have retaliated by claiming that any type of shopping is the same-whether online or physical. Such legislators have found ways to obtain revenues from internet transactions even when their laws have not clearly defined the issue. For example in the States of Washington and Kentucky, tax agencies and legislators have interpreted their law differently. Their law defines software as any set of instructions that cause a computer to perform certain functions. Such Stages have claimed that this is the very same thing that music does when downloaded from the internet. In this regard, music should therefore be taxed.
Such flexible interpretations have been a cause for concern among members of the internet fraternity. This is because they now realise that any new product launched may be examined by legislators and made taxable thus undercutting their profit margins to a very large extent. The same scenario applies to Amazon.com. The Company could have been deterred from plunging into online shipping of digital media because it realises that there are some regulations which might hinder product success. This is why it is best to first analyse the scenario and then engage in the new business venture after understanding the business environment. (Including taxation laws and regulations)
Other product offerings
Amazon is still busy with other product offers. This implies that it may not have the time and resources to give full attention to the product. For example, The Company is busy coming up with a system that allows free movie downloads merged with DVD sales. The Company has employed the services of some freelance studios from Hollywood to provide them with material for this service. Some of the Studios that Amazon is collaborating with include;
• Image Entertainment
• Ardustry Entertainment
• First Look entertainment
The Company plans on offering this service in a variety of ways, as elaborated by their spokesperson Kristin Mariani. The Company may offer consumers the opportunity to watch a movie for free on the condition that they have already purchased a DVD and are simply waiting for delivery. Alternatively, the Company is also planning on offering free digital movies on condition that the consumer will exchange the credit earned for use in purchase of a DVD.
On top of this, Amazon is also working on introducing a new show to woo its audience. It will be a comedy and they have hired the services of Bill Maher.
All these activities are keeping Amazon very busy, it is a Company that has received acclamation for its innovative nature and therefore must be very busy with these issues. It is therefore very difficult for the Company to put all its efforts into the development of new services, more so at full capacity. Amazon views the delivery of digital media online as a sort of investment for the future. This is a fair assumption.
Existence of pressure to increase revenue from competitors
In the year 2006, internet Company regulators FASB and SEC reported that there is renewed pressure for internet Companies to recognise less conventional routes of generating revenue such as Barter exchange with partners. The regulators reported that some of the reasons for such behaviour could be that most companies require more financing after short periods of time and most of this financing must be external. In addition, internet companies realise that they need more sources of revenue since some of them offer stock options for their employees when required to give them compensation. This is also backed up by the fact that some companies have registered increased interests by individuals in stocks, they therefore nee to back this up with additional revenue.
The survey also found that most of these internet companies have levels of activity consequently causing burn out levels to increase too. This has promoted them to engage in highly aggressive revenue generation through barter exchanges by partners and other alliances. On the other hand, this latter fact could be the very reason that has caused aggressive revenue generation. Some internet companies that intend on forming greater alliances are motivated to use barter systems in their transactions.
Because of competitors are employing such unconventional means, perhaps it is best that Amazon.com first analyses the situation within its industry before jumping straight into a new marketing campaign.
Strategies that the Company can adopt for the launch of its new service; online shipping of digital media
Economic strategy
As the Company initially introduces the service, it could monitor a number of economic factors surrounding the service so that it can assess its success and develop ideas to improve it. Amazon.com can conduct a survey of how well a product is doing by looking at its distribution, production and consumption and then deducing whether this is economically viable. It could utilise economic data to assess the prices of the new venture-online shipping against the backdrop of how much consumers are paying for it.
Besides this, it is also possible for Amazon to analyse how the new product is doing in terms of other parameters. It could carry out a comparison between prices of online shipping and levels of employment or other factors such as; preferences, consumption, preferences, buying, selling and value of money. This will enable the Company to come up with a real picture as to the performance of the new product. This ought to be backed up by some changes. If the current rate of employment, consumption etc is high and this is also reflected on prices of the commodity then it can increase its level of its investment in that area. On the other hand, if the economic indicators of the commodity are very low, then it is best for the Company to keep its level of investment low.
Strategies in marketing
Marketing strategies are the most fundamental components when drawing up business plans. They normally incorporate the identification and maximisation of opportunities that serve the competitive market best. Amazon.com could engage in a series of marketing strategies in the future both during and after the launch of online shipping.
The Company could adopt a strategy that is strictly based on the issue of market dominance. Here, the Company could fall under any one of the following;
• follower
• leader
• challenger
Because online shipping is a relatively new product in the e-commerce market, the Company could ensure that it becomes a leader in the market. This will mean continuously coming up with new innovations in the service so that it can stay ahead of the competition. It could conduct a research of what is currently missing in the system and then act accordingly to fill that gap.
Under marketing, the Company could also incorporate the issue of growth strategies. Here, it could consider increasing the volume or value of product offerings. This can be achieved through the use of either horizontal or vertical integration or through intensification and diversification. With regard to the issue of online shipping of digital media, horizontal integration could be applied through online shipping of all products. Vertical integration as a strategy can mean that online shipping will be applied to new products in the market. Intensification could mean applying online shipping to all or almost all products currently offered by the Company. Most of the time, this could be see as a signature product offered by the Company.
Digital strategy
Perhaps this is the most crucial element that Amazon.com should consider when launching its new product because the most important aspect about Amazon is that it is an internet Company. For other types of Companies that may not consider digital strategies as part of their day to day operations, then this may take up a small part of their resources. But since the digital field is right under Amazon.com's ally, then serious changes should be made here.
First of all, the Company could identify what are consumer's digital needs. It has already done this by realising that there is a need for online shipping. However, it can also create the need in other consumers to increase their market through marketing tools. Secondly, the Company can then develop a vision of how client's needs can be fulfilled. Amazon.com should examine all the necessary resources that will need to be incorporated into the provision of that service.
Amazon.com will have to make sure that they have the support of all the stakeholders in the Company. They can also ensure that they have adequate financial backing to meet this high demand for online shopping. It should make sure that it respects all patent rights and obligations placed upon it. This can be done by collaborating with studio operators in Hollywood, Publishing Companies and video game producers. It should focus on the most important of these groups; music studios. The Company should make sure that it works hand in hand with all the stakeholders involved in digital media. From Music producers, CEOs of Publishing Companies and other patent holders.
Closely linked to this strategy is the technology strategy. Technology strategy involves coming up with a plan that will denote how information technology will be incorporated in all the parts of the organisation. What this normally deals with is all the issues in the information technology department but documents detailing this strategy must be written in language that can be understood by other non-IT members of staff.
In the technology strategy, Amazon could highlight all the strengths and weaknesses in its operations of online shipping. Then it could include the factors that are determining what users are looking for in products or services. This can then be backed up by describing the opportunities available to the Company using Information Technology. Finally, the Company can then address the need for improvements based on threats that may be facing the Company after the launch of the new product.
Pricing and product strategies
Since the Company will be introducing a new product to the market, then it could take advantage of penetration pricing. This is a strategy where the Company first sells a new product in the market at a low price. After consumers have become aware of the product, then it could change this to a higher, more economically viable price. The reason for such an approach is that Amazon.com needs to create large market share for online shipping. After Customers have seen the benefit of the service, then they can increase their prices.
The approach can also be used together with product adoption pricing. Maybe consumers may feel that a sudden increase in price is unfounded. However, this is a factor that can be solved by adding some value to the product. Amazon.com could improve their online shipping by say increasing its speed and this could be adequate justification for the penetration pricing mentioned earlier. They can be able to increase their prices with the confidence that consumers will not be disgruntled.
Adequate communication with its market
Amazon.com already has a system in place that enables it to correspond to consumers. Normally, consumers send emails to the Company and there are usually respondents available to reply the emails. Answers to clients' questions are normally found on their UGA pages. The Company normally takes note of suggestions and if one particular issue raises a lot of concerns from customers, then it is worth noting that that issue should be resolved. What the Company can do is that it could focus on online shipping as an issue of discussion between itself and the clientele. It could ask consumers about the reliability of its online shipping system then it could asses' consumer's responses to the issue. It could also top this up by making all the necessary changes to the system depending on what the customer wants.
Use of e-commerce
Amazon.com could take advantage of the internet to advertise the online shipping programme. It could do this through some of the non conventional methods that it has been using in the past. For example e-mail marketing. This is a good form of investigating the progress of the product through interaction with the client. The Company could also use the process of search engine marketing optimisation. This can be achieved through the use of search engines to determine whether or not the new product offering is heading in the right direction.
E-commerce will provide numerous advantages to Amazon.com. It will enable the Company to save a lot of financial resources in the recruitment of physical sales persons or be part of their sales force. On top of this, the Company will also be able to determine what are the underlying issues behind client's decisions since it can be bale to access information that nay not easily be obtained from other sources of advertising or marketing.
The Company can use e-commerce in the common way. It could display some of the services it offers including online shipping on other Company's websites and of course on their own website. This will go a long way in informing clients about this idea and will therefore increase their market share.
However, there is a limitation to this kind of marketing. Amazon.com has a very large client base that it has to reach. This means that it will need to reach one individual in the shortest time possible and then proceed to the next. However because of the numerous individuals that the web hosts every day, internet connectivity can prove to be quite slow for commercial internet Companies like Amazon. Therefore solely relying on email-marketing alone will not be sufficient as internet speeds are wanting. The Company should instead create a marketing mix that will incorporate all the earlier mentioned aspects.
Improving customer relationships
Amazon.com can make sure that all its consumers' are satisfied through a four stage process. Fist of all, the Company can 'initiate' consumers to the new service of online shipping. What is normally done here is that new customers are welcomed and informed about the new service of online shipping. At this stage, there may be some level of doubt from the consumer. This is then followed by the integration stage. Amazon.com will be managing the quality of online shipping and customers at this stage become less anxious. The third one is called the intelligence phase here Amazon engages in an exchange with the consumer concerning services they would like to see. Lastly, the Company is expected to create value through innovations suggested by the consumer.
Conclusion
Amazon.com has been a pioneer of online shopping in the past despite critism of its business models. It is now considering the launch of a new product; online shipping but has taken its time before fully plunging into the venture. It should incorporate various marketing, economic and digital marketing strategies upon launch of its product. Besides it should take care of the needs of all its stakeholders. This will go a long way in ensuring that the service becomes a success.
Reference
Jeff Bezos (2008): Founder, President, Amazon., Inc. 'Home Page'. www.Amazon.com accessed on Feb 22, 2008.
Flaming, L. and Connor B. (1999), Real-Time internet applications; Linux Journals pp
5-12
Hoffman, D. and Novak, T. (1996): Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-mediated Environments: - Conceptual Foundations: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60(July), pp 50 - 68
Flanigan, G (1994). Internet Applications New York publications
Parries, M K. and Jeffay, F.D (Dec.2002); the proceedings of the 9th International workshop on internet interface elements
De Kare-Silver, M. (2000): e-Shock 2000. The Electronic Shopping Revolution: Strategies for Retailers and Manufacturers. London: Macmillan Press, p 554-602
Kamm, J.B., Frederick, R.E. and Petri, E.S. (2004): International marketing strategies; a look at E-commerce in Practice, Connecticut. P 88
Chan, H., Lee, R. & Dillon, T., (2001): E-Commerce in Practice; Fundamentals and Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons, LTD. P 120-138
King, D., Lee, J., and Viehland, D. (2004): Electronic Commerce; A Managerial Perspective, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. P 23-69
Kotler, P. (1988): Marketing Management: Analysis Planning and Control, Prentice-Hall p. 90-103
Negroponte, N. (1996): Being Digital. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P. 1109
Minnow, N (1995): Emerging Global Business marketing Oxford: Blackwell Business, p. 120-128
Nielsen, J. (2000): Designing Web Usability. New Riders Publishing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. P 45-60
Schwartz, E. I. (1997): Webonomics, London. Penguin. p 110-133
Pastore, M. (2001): E-Commerce, Try to Master the Customer Service Thing, Oxford, UK p. 870-889
Richard, K. (2001): International Business Ethics and culture, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. p 50-61
United Nations (2001); Global impact: corporate leadership in the Online trading. United Nations office, New York, p 56-67
Click Here for more information
Amazon.com is a Public Company formed ion the year 1994 by CEO and Chairman Jeff Bezos. It began as an online bookstore but later diversified its products to include computer software, DVDS, VHS, CDS, video games, toys, apparels, food and furniture among others. The Company has been a pioneer in the field of e-commerce and its success was marked last year through its high revenue collection; $ 14.84 billion.
Analysis of the market entry strategy for Amazon.com
Amazon.com is looking towards the introduction of online delivery of books, movies and music. But it has used a toe-in-the-water approach. Here are some of the reasons why the Company could have adopted such a standpoint
Lack of enthusiasm from investors
Although the Company has recorded increased sales, this has not translated into net income. During the year 2005, Amazon.com registered an increase in sales of about twenty six percent yet at the very same time; it recorded a drop in net income of about thirty six percent. In the year 2007, net sales reached an estimated one hundred and forty three billion dollars; however, this was not seen in increase of profits. Part of the reason for this trend could be that any increases in sales generation are only brought about by more spending on the part of the Company. Consequently, the differences recorded as profit margins will be diminished.
The above reason is also topped up by the fact that the Company has to be registered into a new stock index. Last year, the Company entered the S&P 500 index which means that only three stock analysts rate its stocks as a buy 10 and eight consider the stock a hold and a sell respectively. In that same year, the Company went below its target share price; it came down from forty five dollars to thirty six dollars.
Because of all the negativity surrounding new investments and higher spending, perhaps it is best for Amazon.com to take the introduction of new services slowly. If they had begun shipping of digital media via the internet through high gear, they would have had problems with their stock investors and profit margins. Therefore it is best that they use their current approach.
Levies and taxation for digital media downloads
Tax regulators and State legislators have started eyeing digital downloads as potential sources of revenue. Initially, this market had been ignored by state governments in the US because the market was rather small. But now, the industry has recorded entrance of new players.
Studios in Hollywood recently announced that they will enable the sale of whole movies through the internet via downloads. Besides this, internet companies have registered a whooping 1.1 billion dollar revenue in 2005 through the sale of internet downloads. States within the US have realised that there is a resource here that has not been tapped yet. In the year 2007, free music downloads alone, without the inclusion of video games, movies or books, recorded total sales revenue of over five hundred million dollars.
These are some of the reasons why States have decided to wake up. By the year 2007, around fifteen States in the US had started collecting revenue through internet downloads of digital media. States already doing this normally collect revenue on taxation day or during product delivery. These States have either passed new laws concerning taxation of downloads or they have simply decided to interpret previous laws to apply to the scenario.
Some of the States are that have given proposals regarding this issue include Rhode Island, New Jersey and Vermont. Other States that believe online shoppers should be treated the same way as physical ones include; West Virginia, Utah, South Dakota, New Mexico, Maine, Louisiana, Kentucky, Idaho, Hawaii, Colorado, Arizona and Alabama.
These new introductions have caused a lot of uproar from internet stakeholders. Some of them, have argued that taxation of digital downloads is anti-productive and deters fair competition. Legislators have retaliated by claiming that any type of shopping is the same-whether online or physical. Such legislators have found ways to obtain revenues from internet transactions even when their laws have not clearly defined the issue. For example in the States of Washington and Kentucky, tax agencies and legislators have interpreted their law differently. Their law defines software as any set of instructions that cause a computer to perform certain functions. Such Stages have claimed that this is the very same thing that music does when downloaded from the internet. In this regard, music should therefore be taxed.
Such flexible interpretations have been a cause for concern among members of the internet fraternity. This is because they now realise that any new product launched may be examined by legislators and made taxable thus undercutting their profit margins to a very large extent. The same scenario applies to Amazon.com. The Company could have been deterred from plunging into online shipping of digital media because it realises that there are some regulations which might hinder product success. This is why it is best to first analyse the scenario and then engage in the new business venture after understanding the business environment. (Including taxation laws and regulations)
Other product offerings
Amazon is still busy with other product offers. This implies that it may not have the time and resources to give full attention to the product. For example, The Company is busy coming up with a system that allows free movie downloads merged with DVD sales. The Company has employed the services of some freelance studios from Hollywood to provide them with material for this service. Some of the Studios that Amazon is collaborating with include;
• Image Entertainment
• Ardustry Entertainment
• First Look entertainment
The Company plans on offering this service in a variety of ways, as elaborated by their spokesperson Kristin Mariani. The Company may offer consumers the opportunity to watch a movie for free on the condition that they have already purchased a DVD and are simply waiting for delivery. Alternatively, the Company is also planning on offering free digital movies on condition that the consumer will exchange the credit earned for use in purchase of a DVD.
On top of this, Amazon is also working on introducing a new show to woo its audience. It will be a comedy and they have hired the services of Bill Maher.
All these activities are keeping Amazon very busy, it is a Company that has received acclamation for its innovative nature and therefore must be very busy with these issues. It is therefore very difficult for the Company to put all its efforts into the development of new services, more so at full capacity. Amazon views the delivery of digital media online as a sort of investment for the future. This is a fair assumption.
Existence of pressure to increase revenue from competitors
In the year 2006, internet Company regulators FASB and SEC reported that there is renewed pressure for internet Companies to recognise less conventional routes of generating revenue such as Barter exchange with partners. The regulators reported that some of the reasons for such behaviour could be that most companies require more financing after short periods of time and most of this financing must be external. In addition, internet companies realise that they need more sources of revenue since some of them offer stock options for their employees when required to give them compensation. This is also backed up by the fact that some companies have registered increased interests by individuals in stocks, they therefore nee to back this up with additional revenue.
The survey also found that most of these internet companies have levels of activity consequently causing burn out levels to increase too. This has promoted them to engage in highly aggressive revenue generation through barter exchanges by partners and other alliances. On the other hand, this latter fact could be the very reason that has caused aggressive revenue generation. Some internet companies that intend on forming greater alliances are motivated to use barter systems in their transactions.
Because of competitors are employing such unconventional means, perhaps it is best that Amazon.com first analyses the situation within its industry before jumping straight into a new marketing campaign.
Strategies that the Company can adopt for the launch of its new service; online shipping of digital media
Economic strategy
As the Company initially introduces the service, it could monitor a number of economic factors surrounding the service so that it can assess its success and develop ideas to improve it. Amazon.com can conduct a survey of how well a product is doing by looking at its distribution, production and consumption and then deducing whether this is economically viable. It could utilise economic data to assess the prices of the new venture-online shipping against the backdrop of how much consumers are paying for it.
Besides this, it is also possible for Amazon to analyse how the new product is doing in terms of other parameters. It could carry out a comparison between prices of online shipping and levels of employment or other factors such as; preferences, consumption, preferences, buying, selling and value of money. This will enable the Company to come up with a real picture as to the performance of the new product. This ought to be backed up by some changes. If the current rate of employment, consumption etc is high and this is also reflected on prices of the commodity then it can increase its level of its investment in that area. On the other hand, if the economic indicators of the commodity are very low, then it is best for the Company to keep its level of investment low.
Strategies in marketing
Marketing strategies are the most fundamental components when drawing up business plans. They normally incorporate the identification and maximisation of opportunities that serve the competitive market best. Amazon.com could engage in a series of marketing strategies in the future both during and after the launch of online shipping.
The Company could adopt a strategy that is strictly based on the issue of market dominance. Here, the Company could fall under any one of the following;
• follower
• leader
• challenger
Because online shipping is a relatively new product in the e-commerce market, the Company could ensure that it becomes a leader in the market. This will mean continuously coming up with new innovations in the service so that it can stay ahead of the competition. It could conduct a research of what is currently missing in the system and then act accordingly to fill that gap.
Under marketing, the Company could also incorporate the issue of growth strategies. Here, it could consider increasing the volume or value of product offerings. This can be achieved through the use of either horizontal or vertical integration or through intensification and diversification. With regard to the issue of online shipping of digital media, horizontal integration could be applied through online shipping of all products. Vertical integration as a strategy can mean that online shipping will be applied to new products in the market. Intensification could mean applying online shipping to all or almost all products currently offered by the Company. Most of the time, this could be see as a signature product offered by the Company.
Digital strategy
Perhaps this is the most crucial element that Amazon.com should consider when launching its new product because the most important aspect about Amazon is that it is an internet Company. For other types of Companies that may not consider digital strategies as part of their day to day operations, then this may take up a small part of their resources. But since the digital field is right under Amazon.com's ally, then serious changes should be made here.
First of all, the Company could identify what are consumer's digital needs. It has already done this by realising that there is a need for online shipping. However, it can also create the need in other consumers to increase their market through marketing tools. Secondly, the Company can then develop a vision of how client's needs can be fulfilled. Amazon.com should examine all the necessary resources that will need to be incorporated into the provision of that service.
Amazon.com will have to make sure that they have the support of all the stakeholders in the Company. They can also ensure that they have adequate financial backing to meet this high demand for online shopping. It should make sure that it respects all patent rights and obligations placed upon it. This can be done by collaborating with studio operators in Hollywood, Publishing Companies and video game producers. It should focus on the most important of these groups; music studios. The Company should make sure that it works hand in hand with all the stakeholders involved in digital media. From Music producers, CEOs of Publishing Companies and other patent holders.
Closely linked to this strategy is the technology strategy. Technology strategy involves coming up with a plan that will denote how information technology will be incorporated in all the parts of the organisation. What this normally deals with is all the issues in the information technology department but documents detailing this strategy must be written in language that can be understood by other non-IT members of staff.
In the technology strategy, Amazon could highlight all the strengths and weaknesses in its operations of online shipping. Then it could include the factors that are determining what users are looking for in products or services. This can then be backed up by describing the opportunities available to the Company using Information Technology. Finally, the Company can then address the need for improvements based on threats that may be facing the Company after the launch of the new product.
Pricing and product strategies
Since the Company will be introducing a new product to the market, then it could take advantage of penetration pricing. This is a strategy where the Company first sells a new product in the market at a low price. After consumers have become aware of the product, then it could change this to a higher, more economically viable price. The reason for such an approach is that Amazon.com needs to create large market share for online shipping. After Customers have seen the benefit of the service, then they can increase their prices.
The approach can also be used together with product adoption pricing. Maybe consumers may feel that a sudden increase in price is unfounded. However, this is a factor that can be solved by adding some value to the product. Amazon.com could improve their online shipping by say increasing its speed and this could be adequate justification for the penetration pricing mentioned earlier. They can be able to increase their prices with the confidence that consumers will not be disgruntled.
Adequate communication with its market
Amazon.com already has a system in place that enables it to correspond to consumers. Normally, consumers send emails to the Company and there are usually respondents available to reply the emails. Answers to clients' questions are normally found on their UGA pages. The Company normally takes note of suggestions and if one particular issue raises a lot of concerns from customers, then it is worth noting that that issue should be resolved. What the Company can do is that it could focus on online shipping as an issue of discussion between itself and the clientele. It could ask consumers about the reliability of its online shipping system then it could asses' consumer's responses to the issue. It could also top this up by making all the necessary changes to the system depending on what the customer wants.
Use of e-commerce
Amazon.com could take advantage of the internet to advertise the online shipping programme. It could do this through some of the non conventional methods that it has been using in the past. For example e-mail marketing. This is a good form of investigating the progress of the product through interaction with the client. The Company could also use the process of search engine marketing optimisation. This can be achieved through the use of search engines to determine whether or not the new product offering is heading in the right direction.
E-commerce will provide numerous advantages to Amazon.com. It will enable the Company to save a lot of financial resources in the recruitment of physical sales persons or be part of their sales force. On top of this, the Company will also be able to determine what are the underlying issues behind client's decisions since it can be bale to access information that nay not easily be obtained from other sources of advertising or marketing.
The Company can use e-commerce in the common way. It could display some of the services it offers including online shipping on other Company's websites and of course on their own website. This will go a long way in informing clients about this idea and will therefore increase their market share.
However, there is a limitation to this kind of marketing. Amazon.com has a very large client base that it has to reach. This means that it will need to reach one individual in the shortest time possible and then proceed to the next. However because of the numerous individuals that the web hosts every day, internet connectivity can prove to be quite slow for commercial internet Companies like Amazon. Therefore solely relying on email-marketing alone will not be sufficient as internet speeds are wanting. The Company should instead create a marketing mix that will incorporate all the earlier mentioned aspects.
Improving customer relationships
Amazon.com can make sure that all its consumers' are satisfied through a four stage process. Fist of all, the Company can 'initiate' consumers to the new service of online shipping. What is normally done here is that new customers are welcomed and informed about the new service of online shipping. At this stage, there may be some level of doubt from the consumer. This is then followed by the integration stage. Amazon.com will be managing the quality of online shipping and customers at this stage become less anxious. The third one is called the intelligence phase here Amazon engages in an exchange with the consumer concerning services they would like to see. Lastly, the Company is expected to create value through innovations suggested by the consumer.
Conclusion
Amazon.com has been a pioneer of online shopping in the past despite critism of its business models. It is now considering the launch of a new product; online shipping but has taken its time before fully plunging into the venture. It should incorporate various marketing, economic and digital marketing strategies upon launch of its product. Besides it should take care of the needs of all its stakeholders. This will go a long way in ensuring that the service becomes a success.
Reference
Jeff Bezos (2008): Founder, President, Amazon., Inc. 'Home Page'. www.Amazon.com accessed on Feb 22, 2008.
Flaming, L. and Connor B. (1999), Real-Time internet applications; Linux Journals pp
5-12
Hoffman, D. and Novak, T. (1996): Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-mediated Environments: - Conceptual Foundations: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60(July), pp 50 - 68
Flanigan, G (1994). Internet Applications New York publications
Parries, M K. and Jeffay, F.D (Dec.2002); the proceedings of the 9th International workshop on internet interface elements
De Kare-Silver, M. (2000): e-Shock 2000. The Electronic Shopping Revolution: Strategies for Retailers and Manufacturers. London: Macmillan Press, p 554-602
Kamm, J.B., Frederick, R.E. and Petri, E.S. (2004): International marketing strategies; a look at E-commerce in Practice, Connecticut. P 88
Chan, H., Lee, R. & Dillon, T., (2001): E-Commerce in Practice; Fundamentals and Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons, LTD. P 120-138
King, D., Lee, J., and Viehland, D. (2004): Electronic Commerce; A Managerial Perspective, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. P 23-69
Kotler, P. (1988): Marketing Management: Analysis Planning and Control, Prentice-Hall p. 90-103
Negroponte, N. (1996): Being Digital. London: Hodder & Stoughton. P. 1109
Minnow, N (1995): Emerging Global Business marketing Oxford: Blackwell Business, p. 120-128
Nielsen, J. (2000): Designing Web Usability. New Riders Publishing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. P 45-60
Schwartz, E. I. (1997): Webonomics, London. Penguin. p 110-133
Pastore, M. (2001): E-Commerce, Try to Master the Customer Service Thing, Oxford, UK p. 870-889
Richard, K. (2001): International Business Ethics and culture, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. p 50-61
United Nations (2001); Global impact: corporate leadership in the Online trading. United Nations office, New York, p 56-67
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